Click to Print This Page
http://www

 

Le Monde, France

Europe Thinks U.S. Missile Shield Might Actually Work

 

"Little-by-little, Americans are mastering the technique of in-flight interception which, if not providing complete protection, constitutes the first elements of a new form of defense."

 

By Daniel Vernet

 

Translated By Kate Brumback

 

March 28, 2007

 

France - Le Monde - Original Article (France)

On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome , Angela Merkel was right to say that Europe should no longer be divided. The Americans and Russians are, however, offering a new opportunity to do exactly that. If Europe doesn't remain on guard, it risks falling into the trap. The installation of an American anti-missile defense system in Poland and the Czech Republic threatens to create the same divisions as the deployment of medium-range missiles did in the 1980s. And, once again, Germany could find itself at the center of the dispute.

 

What's at issue? For decades, the United States has been pursuing a program originally called National Missile Defense (NMD), to allow it to destroy intercontinental nuclear missiles aimed at its territory in mid-flight. It wants to overcome the weaknesses in its policy of deterrence, which are all the more apparent when one considers the possibility of nuclear arms falling into the hands of nations or terrorist groups that won't play by the rules of "Mutually Assured Destruction ." In other words, when the fear of reprisal won't prevent the use of atomic weapons.

 

The notion of an impervious shield that would make Russia's huge arsenal null and void, and which would render the small number of missiles in the hands of "rogue states" ineffective, remains for the moment a utopian one. But little-by-little, Americans are mastering the technique of in-flight interception which, if not providing complete protection, constitutes the first elements of a new form of defense.

 

And these are the elements that are to be deployed - interceptors in Poland and radar for detecting enemy missiles in the Czech Republic. Russia immediately protested. As a rule, the Russians have trouble accepting that its former vassals are making decisions without consulting them. On a tactical level, they hope to drive a wedge between new and old Europe. As a doctrine, America's missile defense system is incompatible with the Balance of Terror.

 

[Editor's Note: The Balance of Terror refers to why Mutually Assured Destruction is thought to have successfully prevented the United States and Soviet Union from launching nuclear attacks against one another. The author is pointing out that by giving such a huge advantage to the United States, its missile shield undermines that "balance" ].

 

What are Europeans to do? First of all, it could practice the "ostrich policy," by asserting that the Americans are only in the planning stage and that, in any event, such a system will never work. Or it could allow itself to be influenced by Moscow, as the German Social-Democrats have done. Their president, Kurt Beck, who sees himself as a competitor of Ms. Merkel for the Chancellorship in the 2009, has rediscovered his party's pacifist sentiments by denouncing "the new arms race." In both cases, the Poles and Czechs are left to sort things out alone, as if they don't belong to the same community.

 

The Europeans can also recognize that nuclear proliferation and the transformation of deterrence are real problems that deserve their attention. Anti-missile defense, insofar as it relates to European security, should be on the agenda of the Atlantic Alliance [NATO]. One is astonished that NATO Secretary General [Jaap de Hoop Scheffer] doesn't consider his organization competent to do so. The NATO-Russia Forum would be a perfect place to calm Moscow’s fears.

 

Finally, though the Czechs and Poles have the right to make decisions without consulting their European partners, it would be good if the Union seizes the occasion to grapple with this question of military nuclear power which - for obvious reasons - it has hitherto carefully avoided. This is a lot to ask, but European defense consists not only of overseeing elections in Congo. It is always said that European security is indivisible; the moment has come to show it.

 

French Version Below

 

Le bouclier américain trouble l'Europe

 

par Daniel Vernet

 

28.03.07

 

A l'occasion du 50e anniversaire des traités de Rome, Angela Merkel a eu raison de dire que l'Europe ne devait plus se diviser. Les Américains et les Russes sont pourtant en train de lui offrir une nouvelle occasion de le faire. Si elle n'y prend garde, elle risque de tomber dans le piège. L'installation d'un système américain de défense antimissile en Pologne et en République tchèque est en passe de créer les mêmes clivages que le déploiement des fusées à moyenne portée dans les années 1980. Et une fois encore, l'Allemagne pourrait bien se retrouver au centre des polémiques.

 

De quoi s'agit-il ? Les Etats-Unis poursuivent depuis des décennies un programme, appelé à l'origine National Missile Defense (NMD), leur permettant de détruire en vol des fusées nucléaires intercontinentales visant leur territoire. Ils veulent boucher les failles de la dissuasion, d'autant plus apparentes que l'arme nucléaire tomberait entre les mains d'Etats ou de groupes terroristes qui ne joueraient pas le jeu de la "destruction mutuelle assurée", autrement dit que la peur des représailles ne retiendrait pas d'utiliser le feu atomique.

 

L'idée d'un bouclier parfaitement étanche rendant caduc le gigantesque arsenal russe et inopérants les quelques missiles d'un "Etat voyou" est, pour le moment, utopique. Mais les Américains maîtrisent peu à peu la technique de l'interception en vol et ils commencent à déployer des systèmes antimissiles qui, s'ils ne les mettent pas totalement à l'abri, constituent les premiers éléments d'une nouvelle dimension de la défense.

 

Ce sont ces éléments qui vont être déployés, des intercepteurs en Pologne et un radar pour détecter les fusées ennemies en République tchèque. La Russie a immédiatement protesté. Par routine - elle a du mal à accepter que d'anciens vassaux prennent des décisions sans la consulter -, par tactique - elle espère enfoncer un coin entre la nouvelle et la vieille Europe -, par doctrine - le bouclier antimissile est incompatible avec l'équilibre de la terreur.

 

Que peuvent les Européens ? D'abord pratiquer la politique de l'autruche, en affirmant que les Américains n'en sont qu'au stade des intentions et que, de toute façon, un tel système ne marchera jamais. Ou bien se laisser impressionner par Moscou, comme l'ont déjà fait les sociaux-démocrates allemands. Leur président, Kurt Beck, qui se verrait bien comme concurrent de Mme Merkel pour la chancellerie lors des élections de 2009, a retrouvé les accents du mouvement pacifiste pour dénoncer "la nouvelle course aux armements". Dans les deux cas, ils laissent les Polonais et les Tchèques se débrouiller tout seuls, comme s'ils n'appartenaient pas à la même communauté.

 

Les Européens peuvent aussi reconnaître que la prolifération nucléaire et les avatars de la dissuasion sont un vrai problème qui mérite leur attention. La défense antimissile, dans la mesure oùelle concerne aussi la sécurité de l'Europe, devrait être à l'ordre du jour de l'Alliance atlantique. On s'étonne que le secrétaire général de l'OTAN considère que son organisation n'est pas compétente. Le Forum OTAN-Russie serait d'ailleurs un lieu parfaitement adapté pour dissiper les craintes de Moscou.

 

Enfin, si les Tchèques et les Polonais ont le droit de prendre des décisions sans consulter leurs partenaires européens, il serait bon que l'Union saisisse l'occasion pour s'atteler à la question du nucléaire militaire que, pour des raisons évidentes, elle a jusqu'alors soigneusement occultée. C'est beaucoup demander, mais la défense européenne ne consiste pas seulement à surveiller le bon déroulement des élections au Congo. On a toujours dit que la sécurité de l'Europe était indivisible, le moment est venu de le montrer.
















































General Nikolaï Solovtsove, chief of Russian strategic forces, threatened on Monday not only to attack U.S. anti-missile facilities in Poland and the Czech Republic, but also that if the United States went ahead with plans to station these components in East Europe, that Russia would pull out of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.

—BBC NEWS VIDEO: President Putin attacks America for 'overstepping its national borders' and its 'almost uncontained use of force,' 00:02:00, Feb. 10WindowsVideo

President Vladimir Putin: Clearly feeling his oates, the Russin leader laid into NATO and U.S. foreign policy since the end of the Cold War.





Leutenant General Henry Obering, head of the U.S. Missile Defence Agency, has sought to ease Russian concerns about U.S. plans to deploy a missile shield in central Europe, saying it could help protect western Russia.


Polish Prime Minister Jaroslaw Kaczynski, right, and his Czech counterpart Mirek Topolanek at the court of Belweder Palace in Warsaw, Feb 19. They say they'll talk to Moscow and try and persuade it that a new U.S. anti-missile shield is no threat to Russia.





White House National Security Adviser Stephen Hadley (left) vists with Russian Security Council Secretary Igor Ivanov to reassure him that U.S. plans to place elements of a missile defense shield in Europe and the Caucuses are not directed at Moscow. But to no avail ...


member of the 'Young Russia' movement wears a gas mask and drums during a rally near Czech Embassy in Moscow, over Czech plans to host elements of a U.S. missile defense shield, Feb. 21.





Protestors opposed to a U.S. missile defense shield, some holding the American flag upside down, in front of the Polish Parliament in Warsaw, March 4. (above and below).





A woman holds paper rockets with pictures of Poland's President Lech Kaczynski and U.S. President George W. Bush, Mar. 24.